Why Plastic - Revision history

http://ibls.org/mediawiki/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Why_Plastic Why Plastic - Revision history 2026-10-04T04:33:59Z Revision history for this page on the wiki MediaWiki 1.39.2 http://ibls.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Why_Plastic&diff=17751&oldid=prev Dnevil: /* See Also */ 2023-12-06T15:05:53Z

<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">See Also</span></span></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:05, 6 December 2023</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l43">Line 43:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 43:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Midwest Scale Rail, LLC]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Midwest Scale Rail, LLC]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [https://www.discoverlivesteam.com/magazineold/06/06.html "Recycle Plastic for Ties", <i>DiscoverLiveSteam.com</i>]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [https://www.discoverlivesteam.com/magazineold/06/06.html "Recycle Plastic for Ties", <i>DiscoverLiveSteam.com</i>]</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* [https://content.villagepress.com/LS/SO23/?loop-check=1701874376#p=26 "Forming Brass Over 3D-Printed Plastic Formers", Dave Garrett, <i>LSOR</i> Sep/Oct 2023, p.24]</ins></div></td></tr> </table>

Dnevil http://ibls.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Why_Plastic&diff=17523&oldid=prev Dnevil: /* See Also */ 2023-04-17T16:18:57Z

<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">See Also</span></span></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:18, 17 April 2023</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l42">Line 42:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 42:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Enterprise Plastics Inc]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Enterprise Plastics Inc]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Midwest Scale Rail, LLC]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Midwest Scale Rail, LLC]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* [https://www.discoverlivesteam.com/magazineold/06/06.html "Recycle Plastic for Ties", <i>DiscoverLiveSteam.com</i>]</ins></div></td></tr> </table>

Dnevil http://ibls.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Why_Plastic&diff=14242&oldid=prev Dnevil at 22:45, 9 December 2019 2019-12-09T22:45:12Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:45, 9 December 2019</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l37">Line 37:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 37:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>: With this result, I will continue to use a closed ash pan on my steam locomotive. My trestles are made of wood.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>: With this result, I will continue to use a closed ash pan on my steam locomotive. My trestles are made of wood.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== See Also ==</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* [[Enterprise Plastics Inc]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* [[Midwest Scale Rail, LLC]]</ins></div></td></tr> </table>

Dnevil http://ibls.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Why_Plastic&diff=8524&oldid=prev Dnevil at 22:21, 1 February 2016 2016-02-01T22:21:09Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:21, 1 February 2016</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Maintenance </del>of Way]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Right </ins>of Way]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Bruce Mowbray]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Bruce Mowbray]]</div></td></tr> </table>

Dnevil http://ibls.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Why_Plastic&diff=8514&oldid=prev Dnevil: Dnevil moved page Why Plasic to Why Plastic 2016-02-01T19:20:33Z

<p>Dnevil moved page <a href="/mediawiki/index.php?title=Why_Plasic" class="mw-redirect" title="Why Plasic">Why Plasic</a> to <a href="/mediawiki/index.php?title=Why_Plastic" title="Why Plastic">Why Plastic</a></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="1" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:20, 1 February 2016</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-notice" lang="en"><div class="mw-diff-empty">(No difference)</div> </td></tr></table>

Dnevil http://ibls.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Why_Plastic&diff=6785&oldid=prev Dnevil at 20:11, 31 May 2015 2015-05-31T20:11:06Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:11, 31 May 2015</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Maintenance of Way]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Maintenance of Way]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Bruce Mowbray</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>Bruce Mowbray<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Springville & Southern RR</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Springville & Southern RR</div></td></tr> </table>

Dnevil http://ibls.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Why_Plastic&diff=6763&oldid=prev Dnevil at 03:28, 26 May 2015 2015-05-26T03:28:54Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 22:28, 25 May 2015</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l17">Line 17:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 17:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Size. My 2"x2" ties are a full 2" by 2". Not 1 1/2" x 1 1/2". I like to build 2 1/2" scale equipment and these ties are a little closer to my scale. They also give a good support "foot print". I use 3 ties per foot which allows a 2" space between each tie. Its easy to tamp the ballast in this size opening and the ballast performs well.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Size. My 2"x2" ties are a full 2" by 2". Not 1 1/2" x 1 1/2". I like to build 2 1/2" scale equipment and these ties are a little closer to my scale. They also give a good support "foot print". I use 3 ties per foot which allows a 2" space between each tie. Its easy to tamp the ballast in this size opening and the ballast performs well.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Holding Power. Not only do the screws hold well in the plastic, but the ballast holds the ties tight. Since the plastic is soft, the sharp, 3/4" crushed rock that I use for ballast "bites" into the ties when tamped providing a good stable track.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Holding Power. Not only do the screws hold well in the plastic, but the ballast holds the ties tight. Since the plastic is soft, the sharp, 3/4" crushed rock that I use for ballast "bites" into the ties when tamped providing a good stable track.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File:BruceMowbray predrilling tool.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Custom-made tool for pre-drilling holes in plastic ties for the Springville & Southern RR.]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Recycled plastic is good for the environment. By using recycled plastic, not only do I reduce land fill burden (it takes about 300, 2 liter soda bottles to make one, 2"x4"x12') the recycled plastic doesn't leach harmful carcinogens and arsenic into the surrounding ground. It is perfectly safe to work with. No worry about breathing toxic sawdust or absorbing nasty chemicals through the skin when handling. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Recycled plastic is good for the environment. By using recycled plastic, not only do I reduce land fill burden (it takes about 300, 2 liter soda bottles to make one, 2"x4"x12') the recycled plastic doesn't leach harmful carcinogens and arsenic into the surrounding ground. It is perfectly safe to work with. No worry about breathing toxic sawdust or absorbing nasty chemicals through the skin when handling. </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr> </table>

Dnevil http://ibls.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Why_Plastic&diff=6761&oldid=prev Dnevil at 03:24, 26 May 2015 2015-05-26T03:24:14Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 22:24, 25 May 2015</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l13">Line 13:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 13:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Plastic will last forever. I live in an area where the soil is mostly clay. Even though I have a lot of ballast and drainage around my track, the ground stays moist. Since this is my personal track, I did not want to replace any rotted or split ties....ever. I have seen pressure treated wood ties rot out after 6 years. Sooner with ties that were ripped from 2x6's as this opens the "less preserved" center of the board to moisture. Ripped plastic ties are unaffected in this way. The plastic is also UV stabilized and is unaffected by the sun.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Plastic will last forever. I live in an area where the soil is mostly clay. Even though I have a lot of ballast and drainage around my track, the ground stays moist. Since this is my personal track, I did not want to replace any rotted or split ties....ever. I have seen pressure treated wood ties rot out after 6 years. Sooner with ties that were ripped from 2x6's as this opens the "less preserved" center of the board to moisture. Ripped plastic ties are unaffected in this way. The plastic is also UV stabilized and is unaffected by the sun.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Recycled plastic ties will not split, warp, crack, check, expand, or shrink when driving screw in place or at any other time. In fact, the plastic holds screws better because plastic will not shrink and expand with moisture, therefore causing the screw hole to become loose fitting (like old furniture). Plastic has no grain or knots like pressure treated wood. Both of which reduce screw holding power. No worry about putting nicks in the grain which allows moisture to enter regular wood. Plastic is unaffected even when nicked.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Recycled plastic ties will not split, warp, crack, check, expand, or shrink when driving screw in place or at any other time. In fact, the plastic holds screws better because plastic will not shrink and expand with moisture, therefore causing the screw hole to become loose fitting (like old furniture). Plastic has no grain or knots like pressure treated wood. Both of which reduce screw holding power. No worry about putting nicks in the grain which allows moisture to enter regular wood. Plastic is unaffected even when nicked.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File:BruceMowbray slotted rail.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Pre-slotted rail for rail-jointer]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Cost. I payed 54 cents each for my 2"x2"x16" ties. This may seem a little high at first but remember reason 1? I will never have to replace any ties. Not only is this a material savings but a labor savings as well. For reference, a quality pressure treated 2"x4"x 8' costs $3.50each, cut into six, 2"x4"x16" ties, it would cost you 58 cents per tie. (Savings??)</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Cost. I payed 54 cents each for my 2"x2"x16" ties. This may seem a little high at first but remember reason 1? I will never have to replace any ties. Not only is this a material savings but a labor savings as well. For reference, a quality pressure treated 2"x4"x 8' costs $3.50each, cut into six, 2"x4"x16" ties, it would cost you 58 cents per tie. (Savings??)</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Size. My 2"x2" ties are a full 2" by 2". Not 1 1/2" x 1 1/2". I like to build 2 1/2" scale equipment and these ties are a little closer to my scale. They also give a good support "foot print". I use 3 ties per foot which allows a 2" space between each tie. Its easy to tamp the ballast in this size opening and the ballast performs well.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Size. My 2"x2" ties are a full 2" by 2". Not 1 1/2" x 1 1/2". I like to build 2 1/2" scale equipment and these ties are a little closer to my scale. They also give a good support "foot print". I use 3 ties per foot which allows a 2" space between each tie. Its easy to tamp the ballast in this size opening and the ballast performs well.</div></td></tr> </table>

Dnevil http://ibls.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Why_Plastic&diff=6759&oldid=prev Dnevil at 03:20, 26 May 2015 2015-05-26T03:20:21Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 22:20, 25 May 2015</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l12">Line 12:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 12:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Plastic will last forever. I live in an area where the soil is mostly clay. Even though I have a lot of ballast and drainage around my track, the ground stays moist. Since this is my personal track, I did not want to replace any rotted or split ties....ever. I have seen pressure treated wood ties rot out after 6 years. Sooner with ties that were ripped from 2x6's as this opens the "less preserved" center of the board to moisture. Ripped plastic ties are unaffected in this way. The plastic is also UV stabilized and is unaffected by the sun.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Plastic will last forever. I live in an area where the soil is mostly clay. Even though I have a lot of ballast and drainage around my track, the ground stays moist. Since this is my personal track, I did not want to replace any rotted or split ties....ever. I have seen pressure treated wood ties rot out after 6 years. Sooner with ties that were ripped from 2x6's as this opens the "less preserved" center of the board to moisture. Ripped plastic ties are unaffected in this way. The plastic is also UV stabilized and is unaffected by the sun.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Recycled plastic ties will not split, warp, crack, check, expand, or shrink when driving screw in place or at any other time. In fact, the plastic holds screws better because plastic will not shrink and expand with moisture, therefore causing the screw hole to become loose fitting (like old furniture). Plastic has no grain or knots like pressure treated wood. Both of which reduce screw holding power. No worry about putting nicks in the grain which allows moisture to enter regular wood. Plastic is unaffected even when nicked.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Recycled plastic ties will not split, warp, crack, check, expand, or shrink when driving screw in place or at any other time. In fact, the plastic holds screws better because plastic will not shrink and expand with moisture, therefore causing the screw hole to become loose fitting (like old furniture). Plastic has no grain or knots like pressure treated wood. Both of which reduce screw holding power. No worry about putting nicks in the grain which allows moisture to enter regular wood. Plastic is unaffected even when nicked.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Cost. I payed 54 cents each for my 2"x2"x16" ties. This may seem a little high at first but remember reason 1? I will never have to replace any ties. Not only is this a material savings but a labor savings as well. For reference, a quality pressure treated 2"x4"x 8' costs $3.50each, cut into six, 2"x4"x16" ties, it would cost you 58 cents per tie. (Savings??)</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Cost. I payed 54 cents each for my 2"x2"x16" ties. This may seem a little high at first but remember reason 1? I will never have to replace any ties. Not only is this a material savings but a labor savings as well. For reference, a quality pressure treated 2"x4"x 8' costs $3.50each, cut into six, 2"x4"x16" ties, it would cost you 58 cents per tie. (Savings??)</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Size. My 2"x2" ties are a full 2" by 2". Not 1 1/2" x 1 1/2". I like to build 2 1/2" scale equipment and these ties are a little closer to my scale. They also give a good support "foot print". I use 3 ties per foot which allows a 2" space between each tie. Its easy to tamp the ballast in this size opening and the ballast performs well.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Size. My 2"x2" ties are a full 2" by 2". Not 1 1/2" x 1 1/2". I like to build 2 1/2" scale equipment and these ties are a little closer to my scale. They also give a good support "foot print". I use 3 ties per foot which allows a 2" space between each tie. Its easy to tamp the ballast in this size opening and the ballast performs well.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Holding Power. Not only do the screws hold well in the plastic, but the ballast holds the ties tight. Since the plastic is soft, the sharp, 3/4" crushed rock that I use for ballast "bites" into the ties when tamped providing a good stable track.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Holding Power. Not only do the screws hold well in the plastic, but the ballast holds the ties tight. Since the plastic is soft, the sharp, 3/4" crushed rock that I use for ballast "bites" into the ties when tamped providing a good stable track.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Recycled plastic is good for the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">environment</ins>. By using recycled plastic, not only do I reduce land fill burden (it takes about 300, 2 liter soda bottles to make one, 2"x4"x12') the recycled plastic <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">doesn</ins>'t leach harmful carcinogens and arsenic into the surrounding ground. It is perfectly safe to work with. No worry about breathing toxic sawdust or absorbing nasty chemicals through the skin when handling. </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Recycled plastic is good for the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">enviroment</del>. By using recycled plastic, not only do I reduce land fill burden (it takes about 300, 2 liter soda bottles to make one, 2"x4"x12') the recycled plastic <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dosen</del>'t leach harmful carcinogens and arsenic into the surrounding ground. It is perfectly safe to work with. No worry about breathing toxic sawdust or absorbing nasty chemicals through the skin when handling. </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In addition to the above reasons, recycled plastic lumber is very easy to work with. I am using a fast cutting, carbide tipped saw blade to cut the ties. A little spray of silicone lubricant on the blade between cuts helps to keep the plastic chips from sticking to the blade. I am pre-drilling and pre-slotting the ties (see photo below) to ease the on site building of the track. The holes are spotfaced with a home made tool to a specific depth in relation to the slot depth. This way, even with the screw fully tightened, the rail foot will slide under the head of the screw instead of cutting into it. The slotting of the ties to correct gauge will eliminate the need for track gauges. Slotting and drilling the ties was done on my CNC Milling machine at a rate of 9 ties in 2 minutes. This could have also been done with a simple router jig and drill press. Another reason why I am using the "on site" track building method is, these ties are very heavy and a ten foot track panel would be next to impossible to move single handedly. "On site" track building also lets me get full use of a ten foot length of rail without cutting and the ability to stagger the rail joints more than the usual 1 foot amount. With this method, I was forced to slot the ends of the rail while it is still in the shop instead of slotting the rail joiners (see photo below). I believe this will allow the joint to move more freely as the screws used for the joint will not have to slide on the joint bar as well as the joint bar sliding on the rail. Only the rail and joint bar will slide and the screws will remain in stationary on the joint bar. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In addition to the above reasons, recycled plastic lumber is very easy to work with. I am using a fast cutting, carbide tipped saw blade to cut the ties. A little spray of silicone lubricant on the blade between cuts helps to keep the plastic chips from sticking to the blade. I am pre-drilling and pre-slotting the ties (see photo below) to ease the on site building of the track. The holes are spotfaced with a home made tool to a specific depth in relation to the slot depth. This way, even with the screw fully tightened, the rail foot will slide under the head of the screw instead of cutting into it. The slotting of the ties to correct gauge will eliminate the need for track gauges. Slotting and drilling the ties was done on my CNC Milling machine at a rate of 9 ties in 2 minutes. This could have also been done with a simple router jig and drill press. Another reason why I am using the "on site" track building method is, these ties are very heavy and a ten foot track panel would be next to impossible to move single handedly. "On site" track building also lets me get full use of a ten foot length of rail without cutting and the ability to stagger the rail joints more than the usual 1 foot amount. With this method, I was forced to slot the ends of the rail while it is still in the shop instead of slotting the rail joiners (see photo below). I believe this will allow the joint to move more freely as the screws used for the joint will not have to slide on the joint bar as well as the joint bar sliding on the rail. Only the rail and joint bar will slide and the screws will remain in stationary on the joint bar. </div></td></tr> </table>

Dnevil http://ibls.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Why_Plastic&diff=6758&oldid=prev Dnevil at 03:19, 26 May 2015 2015-05-26T03:19:14Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 22:19, 25 May 2015</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l8">Line 8:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 8:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Why I'm Using Recycled Plastic For Ties'''</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Why I'm Using Recycled Plastic For Ties'''</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File:BruceMowbray preslotted predrilled plastic tie.JPG|thumb|right|300px|Pre-drilled and pre-slotted plastic tie.]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Plastic will last forever. I live in an area where the soil is mostly clay. Even though I have a lot of ballast and drainage around my track, the ground stays moist. Since this is my personal track, I did not want to replace any rotted or split ties....ever. I have seen pressure treated wood ties rot out after 6 years. Sooner with ties that were ripped from 2x6's as this opens the "less preserved" center of the board to moisture. Ripped plastic ties are unaffected in this way. The plastic is also UV stabilized and is unaffected by the sun.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Plastic will last forever. I live in an area where the soil is mostly clay. Even though I have a lot of ballast and drainage around my track, the ground stays moist. Since this is my personal track, I did not want to replace any rotted or split ties....ever. I have seen pressure treated wood ties rot out after 6 years. Sooner with ties that were ripped from 2x6's as this opens the "less preserved" center of the board to moisture. Ripped plastic ties are unaffected in this way. The plastic is also UV stabilized and is unaffected by the sun.</div></td></tr> </table>

Dnevil